Plant growth promoters, also known as plant growth regulators or plant hormones, are substances that can enhance the growth, development, and physiological processes of plants. They are often used in agriculture, horticulture, and gardening to improve plant health, increase yield, and enhance overall plant performance. Here are some common plant growth promoters and their functions:
Gibberellins: Gibberellins promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. They stimulate cell division and elongation, leading to increased plant height. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a widely used gibberellin.
Auxins: Auxins are involved in cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance. They promote the formation of adventitious roots and are often used in rooting hormone formulations. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) are common auxins.
Cytokinins: Cytokinins promote cell division and influence shoot and root development. They are often used to stimulate lateral bud growth, delay senescence, and improve fruit size and quality. N6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin are common cytokinins.
Ethylene: Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone involved in fruit ripening, senescence, and abscission (shedding of leaves and flowers). Ethephon, a synthetic ethylene-releasing compound, is commonly used as a plant growth regulator.
Abscisic Acid (ABA): ABA is primarily known for its role in plant stress responses, such as drought tolerance and seed dormancy. It also regulates stomatal closure, inhibiting water loss. ABA is less commonly used as a plant growth promoter and is often associated with stress management.
Brassinosteroids: Brassinosteroids promote cell expansion, vascular development, and stress responses. They enhance seed germination, increase flowering, and improve overall plant vigor. Epibrassinolide and brassinolide are commonly used brassinosteroids.
Seaweed Extracts: Seaweed extracts contain a variety of natural plant growth regulators, including auxins, cytokinins, and betaines. They promote root development, enhance nutrient uptake, and improve plant tolerance to environmental stresses.
Humic and Fulvic Acids: Humic and fulvic acids are organic substances derived from decomposed plant materials. They improve soil structure, enhance nutrient availability, and stimulate root growth, leading to overall plant growth promotion.
It's important to note that the specific content and formulation of plant growth promoters can vary depending on the product and intended application. Different formulations and concentrations are used for various plant species, growth stages, and desired outcomes. Additionally, some products may contain a combination of different plant growth regulators to achieve synergistic effects on plant growth and development.